Exceptional Verbs in Marathi which change in past tense form

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By now we have studied many grammar concepts including tense. We have seen the forms of verb in simple past tense is base of perfect tenses and other phrases. 

We have also observed that few verbs behave differently when their past tense form is created.

As per rule we append लो(lo) to verb to create its past tense form for "I".

e.g. I spoke -> मी बोललो ( mI bolalo )

I laughed -> मी हसलो ( mI hasalo )

i.e.  

बोल (bol)+ लो (lo)  =  बोललो (bolalo )

हस(has)+ लो (lo)  = हसलो ( hasalo )

But,

I went -> मी गेलो( mI gelo ). 

Now verb is "जाणे"(jANe). so we should have said जा(jA) + लो(lo)= जालो (jAlo ). 

But we did not say say. We appended suffix to गे(ge) to make it गेलो(gelo).

This is what I want to point out ! The unusual behaviour of few verbs. !! The verbs which change themselves before creating past tense form. As past tense form is base of many other tenses and phrases it is important to know such form.

In below table I have given verb, changed verb on which suffix to be applied and a sentence in simple past tense.

Verb in English	Verb in Marathi	Changed verb before appending suffix	Simple example  with suffix ला (lA)	Example
do	करणे karaNe	के(ke)	केला(kelA)	I did it  मी तो केला  (mI to kelA)
try	प्रयत्न करणे prayatn karaNe	प्रयत्न के (prayatn ke)	प्रयत्न केला (prayatn kelA)	tried learning French फ्रेंच शिकायचा प्रयत्न केला (phreMch shikAyachA  prayatn kelA )
give	देणे deNe	दि(dI)	दिला (dilA)	Gave pen  पेन दिले  (pen dile )
take	घेणे gheNe	घेत (ghet)	घेतला (ghetalA)	took pen  पेन घेतले  (pen ghetale)
live	राहणे rAhaNe	राहि (rAhi )	राहिला (rAhilA)	lived in city  मी शहरात राहिलो   mI shaharAt rAhilo
see /watch /look	बघणे baghaNe	बघित (baghit )	बघितला (baghitalA)	saw notice   सूचना बघितली  sUchanA baghitalI
	पाहणे pAhaNe	पाहि (pAhi )	पाहिला(pAhilA)	saw notice   सूचना पाहिली   ( sUchanA pAhilI )
go	जाणे jANe	गे (ge)	गेला(gelA)	went to market बाजारात गेलो  ( bAjArAt gelo )
come	येणे yeNe	आ(A)	आला(AlA)	came from market बाजारातून आलो  ( bAjArAtUn Alo )
tell	सांगणे sAMgaNe	सांगित (sAMgit )	सांगितला (sAMgitalA)	told address पत्ता संगितला  ( pattA sAMgitalA )
To recite	म्हणणे mhaNaNe	म्हट  (mhaT )	म्हटला (mhaTalA)	recited poem कविता म्हटली  ( kavitA mhaTalI )
to sing	गाणे gANe	गाय ( gAy )	गायला (gAyalA)	sang a song   गाणे गायले  ( gANe gAyale )
To ask for	मागणे mAgaNe	मागित (mAgit )	मागितला (mAgitalA)	asked for his pen   त्याचे पेन मागितले (tyAche pen mAgitale )
To wash	धूणे dhUNe	धुत (dhut )	धुतला (dhutalA)	Washed face तोंड धुतले  ( toMD dhutale )
To Drink	पीणे pINe	प्याय (pyAy )	प्यायला(pyAyalA)	Drank tea चहा प्यायला ( chahA pyAyalA )
To Eat	खाणे khANe	खाल् (khAl )	खाल्ला (khAllA)	Ate bread ब्रेड खाल्ला (breD khAllA)
To Ask for	मागणे mAgaNe	मागित (mAgit)	मागितला (mAgitalA)	Asked for tea चहा मागितला  (chahA mAgitalA)
To Become	होणे hoNe	झा (jhA)	झाला (jhAlA)	Became rich श्रीमंत झाला (shrImaMt jhAlA)
To get	मिळणे (miLaNe)	मिळा (miLA)	मिळाला (miLAlA)	Got work काम मिळाले  (kAm miLAle )
To run	पळणे (paLaNe)	पळा (paLA)	पळाला (paLAlA)	he ran fast तो जोराने पळाला  (to jorAne paLAlA )

Notes :-

1) Similar to "To Try" , there are many verbs in Marathi which are created using करणे (karaNe) e.g. व्यायाम करणे (vyAyAm  karaNe ), आंघोळ करणे (AMghoL karaNe). 

In all such verbs, the form of करणे (karaNe) will be created as per above rule

2) For verb म्हणणे ( mhaNaNe), the forms can be created with normal verb as well. so म्हटला (mhaTalA ) and म्हणला (mhaNalA) both forms are used.

Listen examples in this lesson at
https://youtu.be/B_MhOw7don0

More explanation about forms of verb म्हणणे ( mhaNaNe)
Past tense of Verb म्हणणे is formed in two ways
1) Like a अकर्मक verb
2) Like a सकर्मक verb

If sentence has a object then second way will be used more than first way.

1) Like a अकर्मक verb.  
i.e. The suffixes are appended as per gender and multiplicity of Subject. Sometimes people change verb stem from "म्हण" to "म्हणा". 

I sang(said) a hymn/10 hymns/ a poem/10 poems/a song/10 songs  ->
Masculine singular
मी श्लोक/१० श्लोक/कविता /१० कविता/गाणे/१० गाणी म्हणलो/म्हणालो
(mI shlok/10 shlok/kavitA /10 kavitA/gANe/10 gANI mhaNalo/mhaNAlo)

Feminine singular
मी श्लोक/१० श्लोक/कविता /१० कविता/गाणे/१० गाणी म्हणले/म्हणाले
(mI shlok/10 shlok/kavitA /10 kavitA/gANe/10 gANI mhaNale/mhaNAle)

We sang(said) a hymn/10 hymns/ a poem/10 poems/a song/10 songs ->
आम्ही श्लोक/१० श्लोक/कविता /१० कविता/गाणे/१० गाणी म्हणलो/म्हणालो
(AmhI shlok/10 shlok/kavitA /10 kavitA/gANe/10 gANI mhaNalo/mhaNAlo)


You(singular) sang(said) a hymn/10 hymns/ a poem/10 poems/a song/10 songs ->

Masculine singular

तू श्लोक/१० श्लोक/कविता /१० कविता/गाणे/१० गाणी म्हणलास/म्हणालास
(tU shlok/10 shlok/kavitA /10 kavitA/gANe/10 gANI mhaNalAs/mhaNAlAs)

Feminine singular
तू श्लोक/१० श्लोक/कविता /१० कविता/गाणे/१० गाणी म्हणलीस/म्हणालीस
(tU shlok/10 shlok/kavitA /10 kavitA/gANe/10 gANI mhaNalIs/mhaNAlIs)

He sang(said) a hymn/10 hymns/ a poem/10 poems/a song/10 songs ->
तो श्लोक/१० श्लोक/कविता /१० कविता/गाणे/१० गाणी म्हणला/म्हणाला
(to shlok/10 shlok/kavitA /10 kavitA/gANe/10 gANI mhaNalaa/mhaNAlaa)

2) Like a सकर्मक verb. 
The suffixes are appended as per gender and multiplicity of Object. Suffixes are appended to "म्हट"

Masculine object "श्लोक"
Singular
I/We/You/You(plural)/He/She/They sang a hymn ->
मी/आम्ही/तु/तुम्ही/त्याने/तिने/त्यांनी श्लोक म्हटला
(mI/AmhI/tu/tumhI/tyAne/tine/tyAMnI shlok mhaTalA)

Plural 
I/We/You/You(plural)/He/She/They sang 10 hymns ->
मी/आम्ही/तु/तुम्ही/त्याने/तिने/त्यांनी १० श्लोक म्हटले (mI/AmhI/tu/tumhI/tyAne/tine/tyAMnI 10 shlok mhaTale)

Feminine object "कविता"
Singular
I/We/You/You(plural)/He/She/They sang a poem.
मी/आम्ही/तु/तुम्ही/त्याने/तिने/त्यांनी कविता म्हटली
(mI/AmhI/tu/tumhI/tyAne/tine/tyAMnI kavitA mhaTalI)

Plural 
I/We/You/You(plural)/He/She/They sang 10 poems ->
मी/आम्ही/तु/तुम्ही/त्याने/तिने/त्यांनी कविता म्हटल्या (mI/AmhI/tu/tumhI/tyAne/tine/tyAMnI kavitA mhaTalyA)

Neuter object "गाणे"
Singular
I/We/You/You(plural)/He/She/They sang a song ->
मी/आम्ही/तु/तुम्ही/त्याने/तिने/त्यांनी गाणे म्हटले 
(mI/AmhI/tu/tumhI/tyAne/tine/tyAMnI gANe mhaTale)

Plural 
I/We/You/You(plural)/He/She/They sang 10 songs ->
मी/आम्ही/तु/तुम्ही/त्याने/तिने/त्यांनी १० गाणी म्हटली (mI/AmhI/tu/tumhI/tyAne/tine/tyAMnI 10 gANI mhaTalI)

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Note :-  Right hand side of the blog shows "Blog Archive". Expand it fully to see whole list of posts to Learn Marathi. Learn Marathi grammar and many aspects Marathi language online.
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