Adjectives made from verb

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In English we create adjectives from verb like e.g. speaking doll, moving chair, spoken word, defeated nation. The words "speaking","spoken","defeated" etc. are adjectives created from verbs "To Speak", "To Defeat" etc.

In Marathi also we create such adjectives.

1) Adjectives indicating general behaviour 

e.g. Speaking tree, dancing doll etc.

In Marathi such adjectives are created by suffixing form of "णारा" to verb.

e.g. speaking :- बोल (bol) + णारा (NArA) -> बोलणारा  (bolaNArA) 

Laughing :- हस (has) + णारा  (NArA) -> हसणारा  ( hasaNArA  )

As we have seen before, the adjectives ending with vowel आ(A) change as per gender and multiplicity of noun, and it is changes using  "आ-ई-ए-ए-या-ई (A-I-e-e-yA-I) rule" (http://kaushiklele-learnmarathi.blogspot.in/2012/06/i-e-e-ya-i-rule.html )

Examples in below table 

Singular				Plural
	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
English word	आ (A) णारा(NArA)	ई (I) णारी (NArI)	ए (e) णारे (NAre)	ए (e) णारे (NAre)	या(yA) णाऱ्या (NAryA)	ई (I) णारी (NArI)
speaking	बोलणारा bolaNArA	बोलणारी bolaNArI	बोलणारे bolaNAre	बोलणारे bolaNAre	बोलणाऱ्या bolaNAryA	बोलणारी bolaNArI
Laughing	हसणारा hasaNArA	हसणारी hasaNArI	हसणारे hasaNAre	हसणारे hasaNAre	हसणाऱ्या hasaNAryA	हसणारी hasaNArI
Moving	हलणारा halaNArA	हलणारी halaNArI	हलणारे halaNAre	हलणारे halaNAre	हलणाऱ्या halaNAryA	हलणारी halaNArI

Similarly, ता-ती-ते-ते-त्या-ती (tA-tI-te-te-tyA-tI) is appended to verb root to create adjective.
Moving chair = हलणारी खुर्ची (halaNArI khurchI) =  हलती खुर्ची (halatI khurchI)
Speaking phone = बोलणारा फोन (bolaNArA phon) = बोलता फोन (bolatA phon)

Using these suffixes with verb "to like"
The day I like ->
मला आवडणारा दिवस (malA AvaDaNArA divas) = माझा आवडता दिवस (mAjhA AvaDatA divas)
The movies she likes / Her favourite movie ->
तिला आवडणारा चित्रपट (tilA AvaDaNArA chitrapaT) = तिचा आवडता चित्रपट (tichA AvaDatA chitrapaT)

2) Adjectives indicating completed action

e.g. Spoken word, finished meal etc.

In Marathi such adjectives are created by suffixing form of "लेला" to verb.

e.g. Spoken:- बोल (bol) + लेला(lelA) -> बोललेला ( bolalelA )

Laughed :- हस (has) + लेला(lelA) -> हसलेला ( hasalelA )

These forms are appended to past tense word of that verb.
e.g. for verb बघणे(baghaNe ) the suffixes are appended to बघित(baghit) etc.

As we have seen before, the adjectives ending with vowel आ(A) change as per gender and multiplicity of noun, and it is changes using  "आ-ई-ए-ए-या-ई (A-I-e-e-yA-I) rule" (http://kaushiklele-learnmarathi.blogspot.in/2012/06/i-e-e-ya-i-rule.html )

Examples in below table 

Singular				Plural
	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
English word	आ (A) लेला (lelA)	ई (I) लेली (lelI)	ए (e) लेले (lele)	ए (e) लेले (lele)	या(yA) लेल्या (lelyA)	ई (I) लेली (lelI)
spoken	बोललेला bolalelA	बोललेली  bolalelI	बोललेले  bolalele	बोललेले  bolalele	बोललेल्या bolalelyA	बोललेली  bolalelI
Laughed	हसलेला  hasalelA	हसलेली  hasalelI	हसलेले  hasalele	हसलेले  hasalele	हसलेल्या  hasalelyA	हसलेली  hasalelI
Moved	हललेला  halalelA	हललेली  halalelI	हललेले  halalele	हललेले  halalele	हललेल्या  halalelyA	हललेली  halalelI
Seen	बघितलेला baghitalelA	बघितलेली baghitalelI	बघितलेले baghitalele	बघितलेले baghitalele	बघितलेल्या baghitalelyA	बघितलेली baghitalelI

3) Adjectives indicating ongoing action  
Third way of using verb can not be classified as adjective in English but in Marathi it is.
e.g. The boy who is giving speech is my brother.
That person who is dancing is mad.

So these group of word viz. "who is dancing/giving" can be thought as adjective. This adjective indicate that activity is going on at given moment. So in Marathi we will use present continuous tense and use form of "णारा"(NArA) or लेला (lelA) to create adjective. 

i.e.verb + त(t)  followed by form of असलेला/असणारा as per gender and multiplicity.

e.g.
The boy who is giving -> देत असलेला मुलगा ( det asalelA mulagA )    OR
                                      देत असणारा मुलगा (det asaNArA mulagA )

That person who is dancing -> नाचत असलेली व्यक्ती ( nAchat asalelI vyaktI ) OR
                                              नाचत असणारी व्यक्ती (nAchat asaNArI vyaktI )


As you would have guessed that as per  आ-ई-ए-ए-या-ई (A-I-e-e-yA-I) rulethe form of will be असलेला/असणारा
असणारा-असणारी-असणारे-असणारे-असणाऱ्या-असणारी (asaNArA-asaNArI-asaNAre-asaNAre-asaNAryA-asaNArI )
or
असलेला-असलेली-असलेले-असलेले-असलेल्या-असलेली (asalelA-asalelI-asalele-asalele-asalelyA-asalelI)

Even if you are talking about activity which was going on in past or future, you will use same pattern.
The boy who was giving money was my brother -> पैसे देत असलेला मुलगा माझा भाऊ होता (paise det asalelA mulagA mAjhA bhAU hotA)
Nation that will be doing progress will be successful -> प्रगती करत असलेली राष्ट्रे महान होतील (pragatI karat asalelI rAShTre mahAn hotIl)

Note that in day-to-day conversation instead of saying "नाचत असलेली व्यक्ती" a native speaker will tend to use shorter adjective i.e. "नाचणारी". So the context of the speech will convey appropriate meaning.




Listen examples in this lesson at
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lTfPSr3qN3c

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Note :-  Right hand side of the blog shows "Blog Archive". Expand it fully to see whole list of posts to Learn Marathi. Learn Marathi grammar and many aspects Marathi language online.
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