Sentence using "If-Then"

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To specify condition and its effect we use "If-then" structure in English

e.g. 1) If you had gone then I would have gone as well.

Had he eaten well you he would have become healthier.

For If-then in Marathi we use  जर- तर  (jar- tar )

Past perfect tense is used as base for such sentence.

Sentence formation

जर(jar)	subject/doer	form of verb as per past perfect	form of असणे(“asaNe”)	तर (tar)
जर (jar)	तू ( tU )	केले (kele)	असतेस (asates)	तर ( tar )
जर (jar)	तो (to)	बोलला (bolalA)	असता (asatA)	तर ( tar )

The form of असणे(“asaNe”) are mentioned below :-

Pronoun in English	Pronoun in Marathi	Form of असणे(“asaNe”) in by attaching suffix	Transliteration
I (male)	मी	असतो	asato
I (female)	मी	असते	asate
we	आम्ही	असतो	asato
we ( listener including)	आपण	असतो	asato
You (singular male)	तू	असतास	asatAs
You (singular female)	तू	असतीस	asatIs
You (plural)	तुम्ही	असता	asatA
He / That (m.) / This (m.)	तो / तो / हा	असता	asatA
She / That (f.)/ This (f.)	ती / ती / ही	असती	asatI
It / That(n.) / This (n.)	ते / ते / हे	असते	asate
They (Plural of He)  /Those (m.) /These (m.)	ते / ते / हे	असते	asate
They (Plural of She) / Those (f.) / These (f.)	त्या / त्या / ह्या	असत्या	asatyA
They (Plural of it) / Those (n.) / These (n.)	ती / ती / ही	असती	asatI

Examples explained

He opened door -> त्याने दार उघडले (tyAne dAr ughaDale)

If he had opened door then -> त्याने दार उघडले असते तर ( tyAne dAr ughaDale asate tar )

He had spoken -> तो बोलला होता (to bolalA hotA)

If he had spoken -> तो बोलला असता तर (to bolalA asatA tar)

The base of the sentence is “past perfect tense”. As we had seen before, “past perfect tense” has two types.

1)     verb with objective

2)     verbs without objective

So same can be seen here. For first type the form of verb and form of asane depends on gender and multiplicity of object.

e.g. Door is neuter-singular. So we used “उघडले असते”

If we wanted to use window instead of door. Then sentence would be :-

त्याने खिडकी उघडली असती तर (tyAne khiDakI ughaDalI asatI tar)

“खिडकी” is feminine-singular so we used “उघडली असती”

In other type of sentence, verb depends on doer.

e.g. If he had spoken -> तो बोलला असता तर (to bolalA asatA tar)

Here vorb does not have object. Doer is “He”. So we used “बोलला असता”

The second half part of the sentence ( i.e. after “then” ) will also be formed same way

तर (tar)	subject/doer	form of verb as per past perfect	form of असणे(“asaNe”)
तर ( tar )	तू ( tU )	केले (kele)	असतेस (asates)
तर ( tar )	तो (to)	बोलला (bolalA)	असता (asatA)

e.g.

If you had spoken then she would have spoken.

-> जर तू बोलला असतास तर ती बोलली असती  (jar tU bolalA asatAs tar tI bolalI asatI )

If he had cried then they ( plural of it ) would have ran -> जर तो रडला असता तर ते धावले असते (jar to raDalA asatA tar te dhavale asate)

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“If-Then” structure can be used to predict future also. i.e. to indicate what will be the effect if some action is taken.

e.g. If you go I will cry.

If he studies he will be happy.

In marathi, for condition part "simple past tense" is used. And for effect part "future tense" is used.

Structure is :-

जर  condition part in simple past तर effect part in future tense

Example :-

1) If you go I will cry.

Condition is “you go”. It simple past tense is “you went” which in Marathi is तू गेलास ( tU gelAs )

Effect part is “I will cry” which in marahti is मी रडेन (mI raDen)

So finally whole sentence is marahti becomes

जर तू गेलास तर मी रडेन ( jar tU gelAs tar mI raDen )

2) If he sings she will dance.

Condition is “he sings”. It simple past tense is “he sang” which in Marathi is तो गायला (to gAyalA)

Effect part is “she will dance” which in marahti is ती नाचेल (tI nAchel)

So effectively whole sentence is marahti becomes

तो गायला तर ती नाचेल ( to gAyalA tar tI nAchel )

Listen examples online at
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VORI8IH1C7s

Exercise: Try creating sentences with different verbs using above rules. Crosscheck them by creating same by “verb forms” feature on http://learnmarathiwithkaushik.com/

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Note :-  Right hand side of the blog shows "Blog Archive". Expand it fully to see whole list of posts to Learn Marathi. Learn Marathi grammar and many aspects Marathi language online.
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