Present/Past/Future Perfect Tense in Marathi

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Before you go ahead learning “Perfect tense” make sure you have understood “simple past tense” correctly.

Because all these tense use sentences from “simple past” and just add form of “to Be” to make it perfect.

If the verb requires noun then the form of “To Be” i.e. असणे(“asaNe”) is decided based on noun. Like Simple Past tense.

Otherwise it is decided based on subject /doer of action

So do revise “simple past tense”.

Let us go into details.

Rule 1) Sentences with Verb having noun/object

Sentence formation logic is:-

Sentence in simple past tense

form of to Be i.e. असणे(“asaNe”) as per gender and multiplicity of noun and tense

         

Take sentence “I have/had/will have opened box”.

Its simple past tense is “I opened box” which will be translated as “मी खोका उघडला”( mI khokA ughaDalA )

Now the object of the sentence is Box. Which is masculine singular (similar to “he” ) .

Referring the chart for “simple past” tense of असणे(“asaNe”)  for He , the form is होता(hotA)

So to make sentence past perfect we will append होता(hotA)  to sentence of simple past tense

I opened box -> I had opened box

मी खोका उघडला -> मी खोका उघडला होता (mI khokA ughaDalA hotA )

To make the sentence present perfect, we will refer chart for “simple present” tense of असणे(“asaNe”) for He. The form is  आहे( Ahe )

So to make sentence present perfect we will append  आहे(Ahe ) to sentence of simple past tense

I opened box -> I have opened box

मी खोका उघडला -> मी खोका उघडला आहे  ( mI khokA ughaDalA Ahe )

To make the sentence future perfect, we will refer chart for “simple future” tense of असणे(“asaNe”) for He. The form is असेल (asel )

So to make sentence present perfect we will append  असेल (asel) to sentence of simple past tense

I opened box -> I will have opened box

मी खोका उघडला -> मी खोका उघडला असेल

Rule 2) Sentences with Verb without having noun/object

Sentence formation logic is:-

Sentence in simple past tense

form of to Be i.e. असणे(“asaNe”) as per gender and multiplicity of Subject and tense

         

e.g. I(male) have/had/will have spoken

Here the verb “speak” does not have noun/object.

Its subjective is I(male) i.e. मी( mI )

Its simple past tense is “I(male) spoke” which will be translated as “मी बोललो”( mI bolalo)

Referring the chart for “simple past” tense of असणे(“asaNe”) for I(male), the form is होतो (hoto)

So to make sentence past perfect we will append होतो (hoto) to sentence of simple past tense

I spokeà I had spoken

मी बोललो -> मी बोललो होतो ( mI bolalo hoto )

To make the sentence present perfect, we will refer chart for “simple present” tense of असणे(“asaNe”) for I(male). The form is आहे( Ahe )

So to make sentence present perfect we will append  आहे(Ahe ) to sentence of simple past tense

I spoke -> I have spoken

मी बोललो -> मी बोललो आहे ( mI bolalo Ahe)

To make the sentence future perfect, we will refer chart for “simple future” tense of असणे(“asaNe”) for I (male) . The form is असेन ( asen )

So to make sentence present perfect we will append असेन ( asen ) to sentence of simple past tense

I spoke -> I will have spoken 

मी बोललो -> मी बोललो असेन ( mI bolalo asen)

So simple !!! Provided “simple past tense” sentence formation is simple for you :) :)

So as to reduce your efforts of referring charts for form of “to be” I have combined them here for all three tenses

Pronoun in English	Pronoun in Marathi	Form of असणे (“asaNe”) in Simple Present tense	Form of असणे (“asaNe”) in Simple Past Tense	Form of असणे (“asaNe”) in simple future tense
I (male)	मी	आहे Ahe	होतो hoto	असेन asen
I (female)	मी	आहे Ahe	होते hote	असेन asen
we	आम्ही	आहोत Ahot	होतो hoto	असू  asU
we ( listener including)	आपण	आहोत Ahot	होतो hoto	असू  asU
You (singular male)	तू	आहेस Ahes	होतास hotAs	असशील asashIl
You (singular female)	तू	आहेस Ahes	होतीस hotIs	असशील asashIl
You (plural)	तुम्ही	आहात AhAt	होता hotA / होतात  hotAt	असाल  asAl
He / That (m.) / This (m.)	तो / तो / हा	आहे Ahe	होता hotA	असेल asel
She / That (f.)/ This (f.)	ती / ती / ही	आहे Ahe	होती hotI	असेल asel
It / That(n.) / This (n.)	ते / ते / हे	आहे Ahe	होते hote	असेल asel
They (Plural of He)  /Those (m.) /These (m.)	ते / ते / हे	आहेत Ahet	होती hotI	असतील asatIl
They (Plural of She) / Those (f.) / These (f.)	त्या / त्या / ह्या	आहेत Ahet	होत्या hotyA	असतील asatIl
They (Plural of it) / Those (n.) / These (n.)	ती / ती / ही	आहेत Ahet	होती hotI	असतील asatIl

Example 1)

She has/had/will have opened door       

Step 1) Get simple past tense sentence

              She opened door -> तीने दरवाजा उघडला ((tIne daravAjA ughaDalA)

Step 2) Find out correct form of “to Be” and append.

Note:- Verb has object “door” which is “He”

She opened door -> She has opened door

तीने दरवाजा उघडला-> तीने दरवाजा उघडला आहे (tIne daravAjA ughaDalA Ahe)

She opened door -> She had opened door

तीने दरवाजा उघडला-> तीने दरवाजा उघडला होता (tIne daravAjA ughaDalA hotA)

She opened door -> She will have opened door

तीने दरवाजा उघडला-> तीने दरवाजा उघडला असेल (tIne daravAjA ughaDalA asel)

Note :- For "you singular" i.e. तू (tU ) and "you plural" i.e तुम्ही (tumhI ) ending स(s) and त(t) of simple past tense form is omitted respectively. 

Example 2)

You(female) have/had/will have danced 

Step 1) Get simple past tense sentence

              You (female) danced-> तू नाचलीस ( tU nAchalIs )

Step 2) Find out correct form of “to Be” and append.

Note:- Verb does NOT have object. So go for the form as per subject i.e. You ( female)

You (female) danced-> You (female) have danced

तू नाचलीस(tU nAchalIs ) -> तू नाचली आहेस (tU nAchalI Ahes )

You (female) danced-> You (female) had danced

तू नाचलीस (tU nAchalIs ) -> तू नाचली होतीस (tU nAchalI hotIs )

You (female) danced-> You (female) will have danced

तू नाचलीस(tU nAchalIs ) -> तू नाचली असशील (tU nAchalI asashIl )

Note:- while making Perfect tense sentence the ending स(s) of नाचलीस is not used.

Example 3)

You(plural) have/had/will have danced 

Step 1) Get simple past tense sentence

              You (plural) danced-> तुम्ही नाचलात  ( tumhI nAchalAt )

Step 2) Find out correct form of “to Be” and append.

Note:- Verb does NOT have object. So go for the form as per subject i.e. You ( female)

You (plural) danced-> You (plural) have danced

तुम्ही नाचलात  ( tumhI nAchalAt ) -> तुम्ही नाचला आहात ( tumhI nAchalA AhAt ) 

You (plural) danced-> You (plural) had danced

तुम्ही नाचलात  ( tumhI nAchalAt ) -> तुम्ही नाचला होता/होतात (tumhI nAchalA hotA/hotAt) 

You (plural) danced-> You (plural) will have danced

तुम्ही नाचलात  ( tumhI nAchalAt ) -> तुम्ही नाचला असाल ( tumhI nAchalAt asAl)

Note:- while making Perfect tense sentence the ending त(t) of नाचलात (nAchalAt) is not used.

There is second style of saying sentence in past perfect tense. Refer below post for it :-
http://kaushiklele-learnmarathi.blogspot.com/2013/03/past-perfect-tense-second-style-learn-marathi.html


Listen examples in this lesson at
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W-AuMYv0SEs

Exercise: Try creating sentences with different verbs using above rules. Crosscheck them by creating same by “verb forms” feature on http://learnmarathiwithkaushik.com/

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Note :-  Right hand side of the blog shows "Blog Archive". Expand it fully to see whole list of posts to Learn Marathi. Learn Marathi grammar and many aspects Marathi language online.
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