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Below table summarizes it.
As we had learnt before List of few frequently used prepositions
The "To" preposition is рд▓ा (lA ) for singular and рдиा ( nA ) for plural
e.g. To chick ->рдкिрд▓्рд▓ाрд▓ा To chicken -> рдкिрд▓्рд▓ांрдиा
spear-> рднाрд▓ा (bhAlA ) it is masculine
To spear -> рднाрд▓्рдпाрд▓ा (bhAlyAlA) To spears -> рднाрд▓्рдпांрдиा ( bhAlyAMnA )
e.g.
For fort -> рдХिрд▓्рд▓्рдпाрд╕ाрдаी (killyAsAThI ) or рдХिрд▓्рд▓्рдпाрдЪ्рдпाрд╕ाрдаी (killyAchyAsAThI )
On bucket -> рдмाрджрд▓ीрд╡рд░ (badalIvar ) or рдмाрджрд▓ीрдЪ्рдпाрд╡рд░ (badalIchyAvar)
Under table -> рдЯेрдмрд▓ाрдЦाрд▓ी (TebalAkhAlI ) or рдЯेрдмрд▓ाрдЪ्рдпाрдЦाрд▓ी (TebalAchyAkhAlI )
Note for preposition In/at
In table it is written as рдЖрдд/рдд (At/t )
When you are using рдЪ्рдпा( chyA ) with рд╕ाрдоाрди्рдп рд░ूрдк (sAmAnya rUp); we use word "рдЖрдд(At)"
But if we do not use рдЪ्рдпा( chyA ) then we just append "рдд(t)" to word form.
e.g.
In/At fort -> рдХिрд▓्рд▓्рдпाрдд (killyAt ) or рдХिрд▓्рд▓्рдпाрдЪ्рдпा рдЖрдд (killyAchyA At )
In/At bucket -> рдмाрджрд▓ीрдд (badalIvar ) or рдмाрджрд▓ीрдЪ्рдпा рдЖрдд (badalIchyAvar) etc.
For "at home" we generally say рдШрд░ाрдд (gharAt) or a special way as рдШрд░ी(gharI).
So some people may ask; "what is the difference between “рдЖрдд” and “рдИ”?
To be precise; "рдЖрдд" is used to indicate position "inside" and "рдИ” is used to indicate preposition "at"
e.g.
Gold is buried inside home ->рд╕ोрдиे рдШрд░ाрдд рдкुрд░рд▓े рдЖрд╣े. (sone gharAt purale Ahe.
Tomorrow I am at home -> рдЙрдж्рдпा рдоी рдШрд░ी рдЖрд╣े (udyA mI gharI Ahe)
But you can find both forms used invariably.
In very few cases "рд╡рд░"(var) is also used to indicate preposition "at". There is no precise rule when people prefer "рд╡рд░"(var). But as per my observation when they are giving not-so-precise information or indicating a surrounding they use "рд╡рд░"(var).
e.g.
I saw John at the airport -> рдоी рдЬॉрдирд▓ा рдПрдЕрд░рдкोрд░्рдЯрд╡рд░/рд╡िрдоाрдирддрд│ाрд╡рд░ рдмрдШिрддрд▓ं (mI j~onalA earaporTavar/vimAnataLAvar baghitalaM)
Ladies met at village well -> рдмाрдпрдХा рдЧाрд╡ाрдЪ्рдпा рд╡िрд╣िрд░ीрд╡рд░ рднेрдЯрд▓्рдпा (bAyakA gAvAchyA vihirIvar bheTalyA)
Children are playing at/nearby river -> рдоुрд▓े рдирджीрд╡рд░ рдЦेрд│рдд рдЖрд╣ेрдд (mule nadIvar kheLat Ahet)
So more you read Marathi you may get more examples.
[Update on 1st Feb 2015]
I Happy to announce my “Marathi Dictionary for Learners” app on Gogle Play.
It can be downloaded quickly from
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.learnmarathi.dictionary
This dictionary provides all the details for every noun viz. gender, plural, saamanyrup.
At present this dictionary has 1105 English words and 1233 Marathi words. I will keep updating the app to add more and more words.
Still it may happen that word you search is still not added. You may try words "platform", "action","collection" , "рдЖрджेрд╢", "рдЖрд╡ाрд╣рди" , "рд╕ाрд╡рд▓ी" to quickly test of this dictionary.
So I request you to download and install the dictionary and let me know your feedback.
Note :- Right hand side of the blog shows "Blog Archive". Expand it fully to see whole list of posts to Learn Marathi. Learn Marathi grammar and many aspects Marathi language online.
***************************************************************
Please use my new website
All lessons from this blog and more are available there
As we had seen
that there is change in form of pronouns while adding preposition which is called рд╕ाрдоाрди्рдп рд░ूрдк (sAmAnya rUp) in Marathi .
Similarly
there is change in nouns i.e. nouns also have рд╕ाрдоाрди्рдп рд░ूрдк (sAmAnya rUp) in Marathi.
It also depends on gender and multiplicity of noun.
Below table summarizes it.
If it the noun is not matching below rukes then its рд╕ाрдоाрди्рдп рд░ूрдк is noun itself.
Gender
|
Singular form
Ending vowel
|
рд╕ाрдоाрди्рдп рд░ूрдк (sAmAnya rUp) in Marathi will
end with
|
Singular Noun
– its рд╕ाрдоाрди्рдп рд░ूрдк Example
|
рд╕ाрдоाрди्рдп рд░ूрдк (sAmAnya rUp) in Marathi plural will
end with
|
Plural Noun – its рд╕ाрдоाрди्рдп рд░ूрдк Example
|
Masculine
|
рдЕ (A)
|
рдЖ (A)
|
рдоाрда - рдоाрдаा
mATh– mAThA
e.g
pot - for pot
рдоाрда - рдоाрдаाрд╕ाрдаी
|
рдЖं (AM)
|
рдоाрда - рдоाрдаां
mATh
–mAThAMsAThI
e.g. pots
- for pots
рдоाрда рдоाрдаांрд╕ाрдаी
|
Masculine
|
рдЖ (A)/ рдИ ( I)
|
рдпा (yA)
|
рдлрд│ा - рдлрд│्рдпा
phaLA – phaLyA
e.g.
board - for
board
рдлрд│ा – рдлрд│्рдпाрд╕ाрдаी
рдкрдХ्рд╖ी - рдкрдХ्рд╖्рдпा
e.g bird – for
bird
рдкрдХ्рд╖ी - рдкрдХ्рд╖्рдпाрд╕ाрдаी
|
рдпां
(yAM)
|
рдлрд│े - рдлрд│्рдпां
phaLe – phaLyAM
e.g.
boards - for
boards
рдлрд│े – рдлрд│्рдпांрд╕ाрдаी
рдкрдХ्рд╖ी –рдкрдХ्рд╖्рдпां
e.g birds – for
birds
рдкрдХ्рд╖ी -рдкрдХ्рд╖्рдпांрд╕ाрдаी
|
Masculine /
Neuter
|
рдКрд╕ (Us)
рдКрд▓ (Ul)
|
рд╡рд╕ा (vasA )
рд╡рд▓ा (valA )
|
рдкाрдКрд╕ – рдкाрд╡рд╕ा
(pAUs - pAvasA )
e.g. rain – for
rain
рдкाрдКрд╕ - рдкाрд╡рд╕ाрд╕ाрдаी
рдкाрдЙрд▓ - рдкाрд╡рд▓ा
( pAul - pAvalA )
e.g.
foot – for foot
рдкाрдЙрд▓ – рдкाрд╡рд▓ाрд╕ाрдаी
|
рд╡рд╕ां (vasAM)
рд╡рд▓ां ( valAM)
|
рдкाрдКрд╕ – рдкाрд╡рд╕ां
pAUs -
pAvasAM
e.g. rains - for rains
рдкाрдКрд╕ - рдкाрд╡рд╕ांрд╕ाрдаी
рдкाрд╡рд▓े - рдкрд╡рд▓ां
( pAvale – pavalAM )
e.g feet – for feet
рдкाрд╡рд▓े - рдкрд╡рд▓ांрд╕ाрдаी
|
Feminine
|
рдЕ(a)
|
рдП (e)
рдИ ( I)
|
рдоाрд│ – рдоाрд│े
mAL – mALe
e.g.
garland - for
garland
рдоाрд│ рдоाрд│ेрд╕ाрдаी
рдоांрдЬрд░ – рдоांрдЬрд░ी (mAMjar - mAMjarI)
e.g cat – for
cat
рдоांрдЬрд░ - рдоांрдЬрд░ीрд╕ाрдаी
(mAMjar –
mAMjarIsAThI )
|
рдЖं (AM)
рдИं (IM)
|
рдоाрд│ा - рдоाрд│ां
e.g garlands –
for garlands
рдоाрд│ा рдоाрд│ांрд╕ाрдаी
рдоांрдЬрд░ - рдоांрдЬрд░ीं
e.g. cats – for
cats
рдоांрдЬрд░ - рдоांрдЬрд░ींрд╕ाрдаी
|
Neuter
|
рдЕ(a)/
рдК (U)
|
рдЖ (A)
|
рдкाрди – рдкाрдиा
pAn – pAnA
e.g. leaf – for leaf
рдкाрди – рдкाрдиाрд╕ाрдаी
рдкिрд▓्рд▓ू - рдкिрд▓्рд▓ा
pillU - pillA
e.g.
chick – for chick
рдкिрд▓्рд▓ू
- рдкिрд▓्рд▓ाрд╕ाрдаी
|
рдЖं (AM)
|
рдкाрдиे – рдкाрдиां
pAne pAnAM
e.g leaves – for leaves
рдкाрдиे – рдкाрдиांрд╕ाрдаी
рдкिрд▓्рд▓े -
рдкिрд▓्рд▓ां
e.g. chicken – for chicken
рдкिрд▓्рд▓े - рдкिрд▓्рд▓ांрд╕ाрдаी
|
Neuter
|
рдП (e)
|
рдпा (yA)
|
рдкाрддे -рдкाрдд्рдпा
pAte -
pAtyA
e.g balde – for
blades
рдкाрддे -рдкाрдд्рдпाрд╕ाрдаी
|
рдпां
(yAM)
|
рдкाрддी - рдкाрдд्рдпां
pAtI
pAtyAM
e.g blades – for blades
рдкाрддी рдкाрдд्рдпांрд╕ाрдаी
|
As we had seen in previous section of plurals, for Feminine nouns ending with рдЕ(a) there are two ways of creating plural. Continuing same logic, for those words, there are two different "рд╕ाрдоाрди्рдп рд░ूрдк" one ending with рдП (e) and other ending with рдИ ( I)
If it the noun is not matching any of the
above rules then its рд╕ाрдоाрди्рдп рд░ूрдк is noun itself.
e.g Broom in Marathi is рдЭाрдбू (jhADU). It is masculine ending with
рдК (U). It is not mentioned in above
rule. So its рд╕ाрдоाрди्рдп рд░ूрдк is noun itself i.e. рдЭाрдбू (jhADU).
e.g. broom – for
broom
рдЭाрдбू - рдЭाрдбूрд╕ाрдаी
As we had learnt before List of few frequently used prepositions
Preposition in English
|
Preposition in Marathi
|
about
|
рдмрдж्рджрд▓ (baddal )
|
after
|
рдиंрддрд░ (naMtar )
|
aside
|
рдмाрдЬुрд▓ा (bAjulA )
|
before
|
рдЖрдзी (AdhI )
|
below
|
рдЦाрд▓ी (khAlI )
|
for
|
рд╕ाрдаी (sAThI )
|
from
|
рдкाрд╕ूрди / рдХрдбूрди (pAsUn / kaDUn )
|
in / at
(*Refer note below)
|
рдЖрдд / рдд (At / t )
|
like
|
рд╕ाрд░рдЦा (sArakhA )
|
outside
|
рдмाрд╣ेрд░ (bAher )
|
till
|
рдкрд░्рдпंрдд (paryaMt )
|
without
|
рд╢िрд╡ाрдп (shivAy )
|
e.g. To chick ->рдкिрд▓्рд▓ाрд▓ा To chicken -> рдкिрд▓्рд▓ांрдиा
spear-> рднाрд▓ा (bhAlA ) it is masculine
To spear -> рднाрд▓्рдпाрд▓ा (bhAlyAlA) To spears -> рднाрд▓्рдпांрдиा ( bhAlyAMnA )
Now see how the form changes will
happen with preposition is used along with pronoun and noun
e.g. To his fort
fort -> рдХिрд▓्рд▓ा (killA)
to fort --> рдХिрд▓्рд▓्рдпाрд▓ा (killyAlA )
his fort --> рдд्рдпाрдЪा рдХिрд▓्рд▓ा
to his fort --> рдд्рдпाрдЪ्рдпा рдХिрд▓्рд▓्рдпाрд▓ा (tyAchyA killyAlA )
You can see that рд╕ाрдоाрди्рдп рд░ूрдк of рдд्рдпाрдЪा is рдд्рдпाрдЪ्рдпा
рдд्рдпाрдЪा is masculine ending with рдЖ (A) So
as per above rules its form becomes рдд्рдпाрдЪ्рдпा
This way you can
try creating sentences. There are many exceptions to above rules, you will
sense it as and when you will read more and more Marathi.
Another Style. Extension of above
As we had seen in previous post, when preposition is used with pronoun the words become рдд्рдпाрдЪ्рдпाрд╕ाрдаी (tyAchyAsAThI), , рддीрдЪ्рдпाрдоुрд│े(tIchyAmuLe), рдд्рдпांрдЪ्рдпाрдиंрддрд░ ( tyAMchyAnaMtar ) etc. As you can see there is рдЪ्рдпा (chyA) in every word. Because of this some people tend to use рдЪ्рдпा( chyA ) before every preposition used with noun. e.g.
For fort -> рдХिрд▓्рд▓्рдпाрд╕ाрдаी (killyAsAThI ) or рдХिрд▓्рд▓्рдпाрдЪ्рдпाрд╕ाрдаी (killyAchyAsAThI )
On bucket -> рдмाрджрд▓ीрд╡рд░ (badalIvar ) or рдмाрджрд▓ीрдЪ्рдпाрд╡рд░ (badalIchyAvar)
Under table -> рдЯेрдмрд▓ाрдЦाрд▓ी (TebalAkhAlI ) or рдЯेрдмрд▓ाрдЪ्рдпाрдЦाрд▓ी (TebalAchyAkhAlI )
Both ways are right, but try to use first way i.e. without adding рдЪ्рдпा (chyA) to preposition
Note for preposition In/at
In table it is written as рдЖрдд/рдд (At/t )
When you are using рдЪ्рдпा( chyA ) with рд╕ाрдоाрди्рдп рд░ूрдк (sAmAnya rUp); we use word "рдЖрдд(At)"
But if we do not use рдЪ्рдпा( chyA ) then we just append "рдд(t)" to word form.
e.g.
In/At fort -> рдХिрд▓्рд▓्рдпाрдд (killyAt ) or рдХिрд▓्рд▓्рдпाрдЪ्рдпा рдЖрдд (killyAchyA At )
In/At bucket -> рдмाрджрд▓ीрдд (badalIvar ) or рдмाрджрд▓ीрдЪ्рдпा рдЖрдд (badalIchyAvar) etc.
For "at home" we generally say рдШрд░ाрдд (gharAt) or a special way as рдШрд░ी(gharI).
So some people may ask; "what is the difference between “рдЖрдд” and “рдИ”?
To be precise; "рдЖрдд" is used to indicate position "inside" and "рдИ” is used to indicate preposition "at"
e.g.
Gold is buried inside home ->рд╕ोрдиे рдШрд░ाрдд рдкुрд░рд▓े рдЖрд╣े. (sone gharAt purale Ahe.
Tomorrow I am at home -> рдЙрдж्рдпा рдоी рдШрд░ी рдЖрд╣े (udyA mI gharI Ahe)
But you can find both forms used invariably.
In very few cases "рд╡рд░"(var) is also used to indicate preposition "at". There is no precise rule when people prefer "рд╡рд░"(var). But as per my observation when they are giving not-so-precise information or indicating a surrounding they use "рд╡рд░"(var).
e.g.
I saw John at the airport -> рдоी рдЬॉрдирд▓ा рдПрдЕрд░рдкोрд░्рдЯрд╡рд░/рд╡िрдоाрдирддрд│ाрд╡рд░ рдмрдШिрддрд▓ं (mI j~onalA earaporTavar/vimAnataLAvar baghitalaM)
Ladies met at village well -> рдмाрдпрдХा рдЧाрд╡ाрдЪ्рдпा рд╡िрд╣िрд░ीрд╡рд░ рднेрдЯрд▓्рдпा (bAyakA gAvAchyA vihirIvar bheTalyA)
Children are playing at/nearby river -> рдоुрд▓े рдирджीрд╡рд░ рдЦेрд│рдд рдЖрд╣ेрдд (mule nadIvar kheLat Ahet)
So more you read Marathi you may get more examples.
I have started creating list of Marathi nouns, their gender and plural forms and рд╕ाрдоाрди्рдп рд░ूрдк . List is uploaded as an excel sheet at
https://sites.google.com/site/learnmarathionline/home/nouns-gender-plural-and-forms-for-prepositions
Download the excel sheet to view it correctly.
Excel sheet is not up-to-date. I will keep adding more and more nouns. So please check this link frequently to see newly added nouns.
[Update on 1st Feb 2015]
I Happy to announce my “Marathi Dictionary for Learners” app on Gogle Play.
It can be downloaded quickly from
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.learnmarathi.dictionary
At present this dictionary has 1105 English words and 1233 Marathi words. I will keep updating the app to add more and more words.
Still it may happen that word you search is still not added. You may try words "platform", "action","collection" , "рдЖрджेрд╢", "рдЖрд╡ाрд╣рди" , "рд╕ाрд╡рд▓ी" to quickly test of this dictionary.
So I request you to download and install the dictionary and let me know your feedback.
***************************************************************
Note :- Right hand side of the blog shows "Blog Archive". Expand it fully to see whole list of posts to Learn Marathi. Learn Marathi grammar and many aspects Marathi language online.
***************************************************************
Hi Kaushik,
ReplyDeleteAre you planning to add a YouTube video for the examples in this lesson?
No. As this lesson has more grammatical concepts and less of examples.
DeleteAlso, for the example, the English transliteration needs to be fixed: In/At fort -> рдХिрд▓्рд▓्рдпाрдд (killyAsAThI ) or рдХिрд▓्рд▓्рдпाрдЪ्рдпा рдЖрдд (killyAchyAsAThI )
ReplyDeleteThanks for pointing it out. I have rectified it.
DeleteAre you learning Marathi using my blog ?
Thanks,
Kaushik
thanks for the table given
ReplyDeleteno other website gave this information
You are welcome. Are you learning Marathi using my blog ?
Delete- Kaushik