Working with nouns - Prepositions in Marathi

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As we had seen that there is change in form of pronouns while adding preposition which is called рд╕ाрдоाрди्рдп рд░ूрдк (sAmAnya rUp) in Marathi 

Similarly there is change in nouns i.e. nouns also have рд╕ाрдоाрди्рдп рд░ूрдк (sAmAnya rUp) in Marathi
It also depends on gender and multiplicity of noun.

Below table summarizes it.

If it the noun is not matching below rukes then its рд╕ाрдоाрди्рдп рд░ूрдк is noun itself.


Gender
Singular form
Ending vowel
рд╕ाрдоाрди्рдп рд░ूрдк (sAmAnya rUp) in Marathi will
end with
Singular Noun – its рд╕ाрдоाрди्рдп рд░ूрдк Example
рд╕ाрдоाрди्рдп рд░ूрдк (sAmAnya rUp) in Marathi plural will
end with
Plural Noun – its рд╕ाрдоाрди्рдп рд░ूрдк Example
Masculine
рдЕ  (A)
рдЖ (A)
рдоाрда - рдоाрдаा
mATh– mAThA

e.g
pot - for pot
рдоाрда - рдоाрдаाрд╕ाрдаी

рдЖं (AM)

рдоाрда - рдоाрдаां
mATh –mAThAMsAThI

e.g. pots -  for pots
рдоाрда рдоाрдаांрд╕ाрдаी

Masculine
рдЖ (A)/ рдИ ( I)  
рдпा  (yA)
рдлрд│ा  - рдлрд│्рдпा
phaLA – phaLyA

e.g.
board - for board
рдлрд│ा рдлрд│्рдпाрд╕ाрдаी



рдкрдХ्рд╖ी - рдкрдХ्рд╖्рдпा

e.g bird – for bird
рдкрдХ्рд╖ी - рдкрдХ्рд╖्рдпाрд╕ाрдаी 


рдпां
(yAM)
рдлрд│े - рдлрд│्рдпां
phaLe – phaLyAM

e.g.
boards - for boards

рдлрд│ेрдлрд│्рдпांрд╕ाрдаी




рдкрдХ्рд╖ी рдкрдХ्рд╖्рдпां
e.g birds – for birds

рдкрдХ्рд╖ी -рдкрдХ्рд╖्рдпांрд╕ाрдаी 

Masculine / Neuter
рдКрд╕ (Us)










рдКрд▓ (Ul) 
рд╡рд╕ा (vasA )









рд╡рд▓ा (valA )
рдкाрдКрд╕ – рдкाрд╡рд╕ा
(pAUs - pAvasA )

e.g. rain – for rain
рдкाрдКрд╕ - рдкाрд╡рд╕ाрд╕ाрдаी 



рдкाрдЙрд▓ - рдкाрд╡рд▓ा 
( pAul - pAvalA  )

e.g. 
foot – for foot 
рдкाрдЙрд▓ – рдкाрд╡рд▓ाрд╕ाрдаी



рд╡рд╕ां (vasAM)









рд╡рд▓ां ( valAM)

рдкाрдКрд╕ – рдкाрд╡рд╕ां
pAUs - pAvasAM 

e.g. rains -  for rains
рдкाрдКрд╕ - рдкाрд╡рд╕ांрд╕ाрдаी 



рдкाрд╡рд▓े - рдкрд╡рд▓ां
( pAvale – pavalAM )

e.g feet – for feet
рдкाрд╡рд▓े - рдкрд╡рд▓ांрд╕ाрдаी 
Feminine
рдЕ(a)
рдП (e)














рдИ ( I)


рдоाрд│ рдоाрд│े

mAL – mALe
e.g.
garland - for garland

рдоाрд│ рдоाрд│ेрд╕ाрдаी


рдоांрдЬрд░рдоांрдЬрд░ी (mAMjar - mAMjarI)
e.g cat – for cat
рдоांрдЬрд░ - рдоांрдЬрд░ीрд╕ाрдаी
(mAMjar – mAMjarIsAThI )
рдЖं (AM)












рдИं (IM)

рдоाрд│ा - рдоाрд│ां


e.g garlands – for garlands
рдоाрд│ा рдоाрд│ांрд╕ाрдаी


рдоांрдЬрд░ - рдоांрдЬрд░ीं
e.g. cats – for cats
рдоांрдЬрд░ - рдоांрдЬрд░ींрд╕ाрдаी



 
Neuter
рдЕ(a)/
рдК (U)
рдЖ (A)
рдкाрди рдкाрдиा
pAn – pAnA

e.g. leaf – for leaf
рдкाрди рдкाрдиाрд╕ाрдаी



рдкिрд▓्рд▓ू - рдкिрд▓्рд▓ा
pillU - pillA

e.g.
chick – for chick
рдкिрд▓्рд▓ू  - рдкिрд▓्рд▓ाрд╕ाрдаी 




рдЖं (AM)

рдкाрдиे рдкाрдиां
pAne pAnAM

e.g leaves – for leaves
рдкाрдиे рдкाрдиांрд╕ाрдаी


рдкिрд▓्рд▓े  - рдкिрд▓्рд▓ां 



e.g. chicken – for chicken

рдкिрд▓्рд▓े - рдкिрд▓्рд▓ांрд╕ाрдаी 

Neuter
рдП (e)
рдпा  (yA)
рдкाрддे -рдкाрдд्рдпा 

pAte -  pAtyA 

e.g balde – for blades
рдкाрддे -рдкाрдд्рдпाрд╕ाрдаी 


рдпां
(yAM)
рдкाрддी - рдкाрдд्рдпां  
pAtI pAtyAM  

e.g blades – for blades
рдкाрддी рдкाрдд्рдпांрд╕ाрдаी  





As we had seen in previous section of plurals, for Feminine nouns ending with рдЕ(a) there are two ways of creating plural. Continuing same logic, for those words, there are two different "рд╕ाрдоाрди्рдп рд░ूрдк" one ending with рдП (e) and other ending with рдИ ( I)



If it the noun is not matching any of the above rules then its рд╕ाрдоाрди्рдп рд░ूрдк is noun itself.
e.g Broom in Marathi is рдЭाрдбू (jhADU). It is masculine ending with
рдК (U). It is not mentioned in above rule. So its рд╕ाрдоाрди्рдп рд░ूрдк is noun itself i.e. рдЭाрдбू (jhADU).
e.g. broom – for broom

рдЭाрдбू  - рдЭाрдбूрд╕ाрдаी


As we had learnt before List of few frequently used prepositions


Preposition in English
Preposition in Marathi
about
рдмрдж्рджрд▓ (baddal )
after
рдиंрддрд░ (naMtar )
aside
рдмाрдЬुрд▓ा (bAjulA )
before
рдЖрдзी (AdhI )
below
рдЦाрд▓ी (khAlI )
for
рд╕ाрдаी (sAThI )
from
рдкाрд╕ूрди / рдХрдбूрди (pAsUn / kaDUn )
in / at 
(*Refer note below)
рдЖрдд / рдд (At / t )
like
рд╕ाрд░рдЦा (sArakhA )
outside
рдмाрд╣ेрд░ (bAher )
till
рдкрд░्рдпंрдд (paryaMt )
without
рд╢िрд╡ाрдп (shivAy )

The "To" preposition is рд▓ा (lA ) for singular and  рдиा  ( nA ) for plural
e.g. To chick ->рдкिрд▓्рд▓ाрд▓ा   To chicken -> рдкिрд▓्рд▓ांрдиा  
       spear-> рднाрд▓ा (bhAlA ) it is masculine
      To spear -> рднाрд▓्рдпाрд▓ा (bhAlyAlA) To spears -> рднाрд▓्рдпांрдиा ( bhAlyAMnA )


Now see how the form changes will happen with preposition is used along with pronoun and noun

e.g. To his fort

fort -> рдХिрд▓्рд▓ा (killA)

to fort --> рдХिрд▓्рд▓्рдпाрд▓ा (killyAlA )

his fort --> рдд्рдпाрдЪा рдХिрд▓्рд▓ा 

to his fort --> рдд्рдпाрдЪ्рдпा рдХिрд▓्рд▓्рдпाрд▓ा (tyAchyA killyAlA )




You can see that  рд╕ाрдоाрди्рдп рд░ूрдк of рдд्рдпाрдЪा is рдд्рдпाрдЪ्рдпा

рдд्рдпाрдЪा is masculine ending with рдЖ (A) So as per above rules its form becomes рдд्рдпाрдЪ्рдпा

This way you can try creating sentences. There are many exceptions to above rules, you will sense it as and when you will read more and more Marathi.


Another Style. Extension of above
As we had seen in previous post, when preposition is used with pronoun the words become рдд्рдпाрдЪ्рдпाрд╕ाрдаी (tyAchyAsAThI), , рддीрдЪ्рдпाрдоुрд│े(tIchyAmuLe), рдд्рдпांрдЪ्рдпाрдиंрддрд░ ( tyAMchyAnaMtar ) etc. As you can see there is рдЪ्рдпा (chyA) in every word. Because of this some people tend to use рдЪ्рдпा( chyA ) before every preposition used with noun. 
e.g. 
For fort -> рдХिрд▓्рд▓्рдпाрд╕ाрдаी  (killyAsAThI )   or рдХिрд▓्рд▓्рдпाрдЪ्рдпाрд╕ाрдаी  (killyAchyAsAThI )
On bucket -> рдмाрджрд▓ीрд╡рд░  (badalIvar )      or рдмाрджрд▓ीрдЪ्рдпाрд╡рд░ (badalIchyAvar)
Under table -> рдЯेрдмрд▓ाрдЦाрд▓ी  (TebalAkhAlI ) or рдЯेрдмрд▓ाрдЪ्рдпाрдЦाрд▓ी  (TebalAchyAkhAlI )


Both ways are right, but try to use first way i.e. without adding рдЪ्рдпा (chyA) to preposition 


Note for preposition In/at
In table it is written as рдЖрдд/рдд (At/t )
When you are using рдЪ्рдпा( chyA ) with рд╕ाрдоाрди्рдп рд░ूрдк (sAmAnya rUp); we use word "рдЖрдд(At)"
But if we do not use рдЪ्рдпा( chyA )  then we just append "рдд(t)" to word form.
e.g.
In/At fort -> рдХिрд▓्рд▓्рдпाрдд  (killyAt )  or рдХिрд▓्рд▓्рдпाрдЪ्рдпा рдЖрдд  (killyAchyA At )
In/At bucket -> рдмाрджрд▓ीрдд  (badalIvar )  or рдмाрджрд▓ीрдЪ्рдпा рдЖрдд (badalIchyAvar) etc.

For "at home" we generally say рдШрд░ाрдд (gharAt) or a special way as рдШрд░ी(gharI).

So some people may ask; "what is the difference between “рдЖрдд” and “рдИ”? 
To be precise; "рдЖрдд" is used to indicate position "inside" and "рдИ” is used to indicate preposition "at"
e.g. 
Gold is buried inside home ->рд╕ोрдиे рдШрд░ाрдд рдкुрд░рд▓े рдЖрд╣े. (sone gharAt purale Ahe.
Tomorrow I am at home -> рдЙрдж्рдпा рдоी рдШрд░ी рдЖрд╣े (udyA mI gharI Ahe)
But you can find both forms used invariably. 

In very few cases "рд╡рд░"(var) is also used to indicate preposition "at". There is no precise rule when people prefer "рд╡рд░"(var). But as per my observation when they are giving not-so-precise information or indicating a surrounding they use "рд╡рд░"(var).
e.g.
I saw John at the airport -> рдоी рдЬॉрдирд▓ा рдПрдЕрд░рдкोрд░्рдЯрд╡рд░/рд╡िрдоाрдирддрд│ाрд╡рд░ рдмрдШिрддрд▓ं (mI j~onalA earaporTavar/vimAnataLAvar baghitalaM)
Ladies met at village well -> рдмाрдпрдХा рдЧाрд╡ाрдЪ्рдпा рд╡िрд╣िрд░ीрд╡рд░ рднेрдЯрд▓्рдпा (bAyakA gAvAchyA vihirIvar bheTalyA)
Children are playing at/nearby river -> рдоुрд▓े рдирджीрд╡рд░ рдЦेрд│рдд рдЖрд╣ेрдд (mule nadIvar kheLat Ahet)
So more you read Marathi you may get more examples. 



I have started creating list of Marathi nouns, their gender and plural forms and рд╕ाрдоाрди्рдп рд░ूрдк . List is uploaded as an excel sheet at
Download the excel sheet to view it correctly.
Excel sheet is not up-to-date. I will keep adding more and more nouns. So please check this link frequently to see newly added nouns.

[Update on 1st Feb 2015]
I Happy to announce my “Marathi Dictionary for Learners” app on Gogle Play. 
It can be downloaded quickly from 
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.learnmarathi.dictionary 

This dictionary provides all the details for every noun viz. gender, plural, saamanyrup.
At present this dictionary has 1105 English words and 1233 Marathi words. I will keep updating the app to add more and more words. 
Still it may happen that word you search is still not added. You may try words "platform", "action","collection" , "рдЖрджेрд╢", "рдЖрд╡ाрд╣рди" , "рд╕ाрд╡рд▓ी" to quickly test of this dictionary.
So I request you to download and install the dictionary and let me know your feedback.



***************************************************************
Note :-  Right hand side of the blog shows "Blog Archive". Expand it fully to see whole list of posts to Learn Marathi. Learn Marathi grammar and many aspects Marathi language online.
***************************************************************

Comments

  1. Hi Kaushik,
    Are you planning to add a YouTube video for the examples in this lesson?

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. No. As this lesson has more grammatical concepts and less of examples.

      Delete
  2. Also, for the example, the English transliteration needs to be fixed: In/At fort -> рдХिрд▓्рд▓्рдпाрдд (killyAsAThI ) or рдХिрд▓्рд▓्рдпाрдЪ्рдпा рдЖрдд (killyAchyAsAThI )

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Thanks for pointing it out. I have rectified it.
      Are you learning Marathi using my blog ?

      Thanks,
      Kaushik

      Delete
  3. thanks for the table given
    no other website gave this information

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. You are welcome. Are you learning Marathi using my blog ?

      - Kaushik

      Delete

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