Adjectives created from prepositions

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Adjectives related to prepositions
We have learnt the prepositions in Marathi as well as adjectives. Let's see what happens when these two concepts come together.

There are few adjectives which are derived from the prepositions. Generally, these adjectives are created by adding चा(chA) or ला(lA) to the preposition. Like prepositions, these adjectives are added to सामान्य रूप (sAmAnya rUp) form of the noun.

e.g. Preposition "Above" is वर(var) is Marathi. Its corresponding adjective is वरचा (varachA)

Pot is on table -> माठ टेबलावर आहे (mATh TebalAvar Ahe)
Give me the jar which is on table -> टेबलावरचा 
माठ मला दे (TebalAvarachA mATh malA de)

As you can see, the phrase "which is on" is kind of adjective and it is translated in Marathi as "वरचा". It is appended to 
सामान्य रूप (sAmAnya rUp) form "टेबला"(TebalA)

माठ is a masculine word, so we used "वरचा". You would have guessed that based on gender and multiplicity of object, the forms will be 
वरचा-वरची-वरचे-वरचे-वरच्या-वरची (varachA varachI varache varache varachyA varachI)
e.g.
Masculine singular
Pot which is on table -> टेबलावरचा माठ (TebalAvarachA mATh)

Masculine plural
Pots which are on table -> टेबलावरचे माठ (TebalAvarache mATh)

Feminine singular
Jar which is on table -> टेबलावरची बरणी (TebalAvarachI baraNI)

Feminine plural
Jars which are on table -> टेबलावरच्या बरण्या (TebalAvarachI baraNyA)

Neuter singular
Leaf which is on table -> टेबलावरचे पान (TebalAvarache pAn)

Neuter singular
Leaves which are on table -> टेबलावरची पाने (TebalAvarachI pAne)

Let's take another p
reposition "In". It is आत (At) in Marathi. Its adjective form is created by appending ला(lA). So adjective forms are आतला-आतली-आतले-आतले-आतल्या-आतली (AtalA AtalI Atale Atale AtalyA AtalI)

There is a gift inside box -> खोक्यात भेटवस्तू आहे (khokyAt bheTavastU Ahe)
Gift which is inside box -> खोक्याली भेटवस्तू (khokyAtalI bheTavastU)

Similarly,
Outside = बाहेर (bAher)
which is outside = बाहेरचा (bAherachA)
Area outside my home = माझ्या घराबाहेरचा परिसर (mAjhyA gharAbAherachA parisar)


Note : 
1) Not every preposition has such adjective form. 
2) There is no clear rule for selection of चा(chA) or ला(lA). 
So, be cautious while deriving such forms yourself. As you read Marathi more, you will notice such valid adjectives. 

2) For some of these adjectives, there is a formal / bookish form which you will come across in newspapers, poems, literature etc.

E.g. वरील (varIl) is the bookish form for वरचा (varachA)वरील (varIl) does not end with vowel आ(A), so same word is used in all genders and multiplicity.
Pot which is on table -> टेबलावरील माठ (TebalAvarIl mATh)
Pots which are on table -> टेबलावरील माठ (TebalAvarIl mATh)
Jar which is on table -> टेबलावरील बरणी (TebalAvarIl baraNI)

I have given few frequently used adjectives below.


Preposition in English
Preposition in Marathi
Adjective from preposition
Bookish/formal form
about
बद्दल baddal
बद्दलचा baddalachA
Above
वर var
वरचा varachA
वरील varIl
across
पलिकडे palikaDe
पलीकडचा palikaDachA
पलीकडील  palIkaDIl 
after
नंतर naMtar
नंतरचा naMtarachA
against
विरुद्ध viruddh
विरुद्धचा viruddhachA
Among
मध्ये madhye
मधला madhalA
मधील  madhIl 
Around
भोवती bhovatI
भोवतालचा bhovatIchA
aside
बाजुला bAjulA
बाजूचा bAjuchA
Before
आधी AdhI
आधीचा AdhIchA
below
खाली khAlI
खालचा khAlIachA
खालील  khAlIl 
for
साठी sAThI
साठीचा sAThIachA
From /since
पासून / pAsUn
कडून kaDUn
पासूनचा pAsUnachA /
कडूनचा kaDUnachA
in
आत At
आतला AtalA
आतील  AtIl 
outside
बाहेर bAher
बाहेरचा bAherachA
बाहेरील  bAherIl 
till / untill
पर्यंत paryaMt
पर्यंतचा paryaMtachA
without
शिवाय shivAy
शिवायचा shivAyachA
behind
मागे mAge
मागचा mAgachA
मागील  mAgIl 
during
दरम्यान daramyAn
दरम्यानचा daramyAnachA
Near /close to
जवळ javaL
जवळचा javaLachA
जवळील  javaLIl 
with
सोबत sobat /
बरोबर barobar
सोबतचा sobatachA /
बरोबरचा barobarachA
बरोबरील barobarIl
On behalf of
वतीने vatIne
वतीचा vatIchA
In front of
समोर samor
समोरचा samorachA
समोरील  samorIl
Prior to
पूर्वी pUrvI
पूर्वीचा pUrvIchA
Through
मधून madhUn
मधूनच madhUnachA

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    1. Thanks for feedback. May I know your name please. Are you learning Marathi from my tutorial ?
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